It would take about 5 extra minutes to generate one of these projects. The combination of uWSGI with Nginx is a common way to deploy Python Flask web applications. All the other instructions would apply normally. You can change the limit of open files with the environment variable NGINX_WORKER_OPEN_FILES, e.g. The app is named hello right now but chances are your app will be a different This file is the output of running pip3 freeze. Project Link: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb. It's a shell script that has a number of functions defined to help you interact Python Flask hello world application dockerized. Or if you are using a package structure, the /app/main/static/index.html file. : If you need to configure Nginx further, you can add *.conf files to /etc/nginx/conf.d/ in your Dockerfile. To associate your repository with the Uses Docker "multi-stage builds" to copy that compiled code into a pure Nginx Docker image. And it might also mean that you could then have to add your compiled frontend code to your git repository (hopefully you are using Git already, or learning how to use git). Then to update your dependencies you can run ./run pip3:install or ./run yarn:install. It also means that it won't use additional configurations from files in /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf, unless you explicitly have a section in your custom file /app/nginx.conf with: If you want to add a custom /app/nginx.conf file but don't know where to start from, you can use the nginx.conf used for the tests and customize it or modify it further. But for Python, as Alpine doesn't use the standard tooling used for building Python extensions, when installing packages, in many cases Python (pip) won't find a precompiled installable package (a "wheel") for Alpine. Then you could want to have a single container with a process manager starting several worker processes inside, as this Docker image does. If you are starting a new project, you might benefit from a newer and faster framework based on ASGI instead of WSGI (Flask and Django are WSGI-based). You can check how it works by looking at All the documentation and project templates have been updated to use Python 3.7 by default. That Docker image has uWSGI and Nginx installed in the same container and was made to be the base of this image. So, while developing, you could do the following (that's what I normally do, although I do it with Docker Compose, as in the example projects): You will now be inside your container in the /app directory. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. For the Docker bits, everything included is an accumulation of Docker best This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. https://nickjanetakis.com. , And in all those cases, it will take much longer to build, consuming much more resources, building dependencies for longer, and also increasing its carbon footprint, as you are using more CPU time and energy for each build. You can check out the You'll probably want to create a fresh CHANGELOG.md file for your project. You are probably better off building a Docker image from scratch. FastAPI, or Starlette, would give you about 800% (8x) the performance achievable with Flask using this image (tiangolo/uwsgi-nginx-flask). If you want to set a different number of Nginx worker processes you can use the environment variable NGINX_WORKER_PROCESSES. what these commands do in more detail. For the details and better alternatives, read the section above. version control like usual. But you can configure it further using environment variables (read above). don't run that just yet. An alternative for these last steps to work when you don't have a package, but just a flat structure with single files (modules), your Python Flask code could have that section with: and you could run it with python main.py. It's mostly running a find / replace across The final frontend image only contains the compiled frontend code, directly from the source, but has the small size of an Nginx image, with all the performance from Nginx. run file to see If you need to use Flask (instead of something based on ASGI) and you need to have the best performance possible, you can use the alternative image: tiangolo/meinheld-gunicorn-flask. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. E.g. You can run ./run to get a list of commands and each command has This file's purpose is to make your experience better! In that specific case, if you didn't add the code block above, your app would only listen to localhost (inside the container), in another port (5000) and not in debug mode. This differs from Nginx's default value of 1 MB. Since this project is MIT licensed you should keep my name and email address in (coming up next in the docs). The maximum number of uWSGI processes is controlled by the variable UWSGI_PROCESSES, by default set to 16. We'll go over that ./run script in a bit! Setting the environment variable STATIC_INDEX to be 1 you can configure Nginx to serve the file in the URL /static/index.html when requested for /. adding custom changes. Or you may follow the instructions to build your project from scratch: the main application object should be named app (in the code) as in this example. Note: you would also have to configure Flask to use that as its static directory. That helps, for example, isolating an app and its database in different containers. There's already a uwsgi.ini file in the /app directory with the uWSGI configurations for it to "just work". All you have to do is run the script below. It's now possible to configure several things with environment variables: As all this configurations are available as environment variables, the choices are a lot more simple. This is where you should put all of You can make Nginx use a custom directory path with the files to serve directly (without having uWSGI involved) with the environment variable STATIC_PATH. Note: You can download the example-flask-python3.8.zip project example and use it as the template for your project from the section Examples above. personal opinions. are in our Dockerfile we can get away with doing a docker-compose build but To learn more follow the section above "QuickStart for SPAs". If you want to set a different number you can use the environment variable NGINX_WORKER_CONNECTIONS, e.g: It cannot exceed the current limit on the maximum number of open files. You should be able to follow the same instructions as in the "QuickStart" section above, with some minor modifications: The explanation of the uwsgi.ini is as follows: If you are using static files in the same container, make sure the STATIC_PATH environment variable is set accordingly, for example to change the default value of /app/static to /app/app/static you could add this line to your Dockerfile: after that, everything should work as expected. The number connections per Nginx worker cannot exceed the limit on the maximum number of open files. The compiled code might be stale, even when your source code is new, which might make you spend a lot of time debugging. If you see anything that could be improved please open an issue or start a PR. You could also have other reasons that would make it easier to have a single container with multiple processes instead of having multiple containers with a single process in each of them. out figured out what you want to update, go make those updates in your To do this, you can use the command pwd (print working directory) inside your docker run and the flag -v for volumes. If you're not comfy running the script or it doesn't work for whatever reasons Hello world Python Flask application Dockerized, Build the image using the following command. Full stack project generator with Flask backend, Couchbase, Couchbase Sync Gateway, Celery asynchronous jobs, API testing, CI integration, Docker Compose (and Docker Swarm mode), Swagger, automatic HTTPS, Vue.js, etc. Vue, React, Angular) you would most probably be compiling a modern version of JavaScript (ES2015, TypeScript, etc) to a less modern, more compatible version. Correctly handled graceful shutdown of uWSGI and Nginx. bin/pip3-install. Note: The example project example-flask-python3.8-index includes a docker-compose.yml and docker-compose.override.yml with all these configurations, if you are using Docker Compose. free videos while the course is being developed then sign up here to get and you have an optimized Flask server in a Docker container. Read more about it all in the FastAPI documentation about: FastAPI in Containers - Docker, as the same concepts apply to other web applications in containers. Let's say you've customized your app and it's time to make a change to your where I talk with folks about running web apps in production. If you follow the instructions above, it's probable that at some point, you will write code that will break your Flask debugging server and it will crash. You don't have a single, ultimate source of truth (the source code). For that, you don't need to clone this git source. You should be able to check it in your Docker container's URL, for example: http://192.168.99.100 or http://127.0.0.1. That's how it is written in the tutorial above and is included in the downloadable examples. Then you can use one of the following project generators. Have in mind that UWSGI_CHEAPER must be lower than UWSGI_PROCESSES. This might also ruin automatic branch merging in pull requests from other team members. I'm creating an in-depth course related to deploying Dockerized web apps. And if you are using a SPA framework, to allow it to handle the URLs in the browser, your Python Flask code should have the section with: that makes Flask send all the CSS, JavaScript and image files when requested in the root (/) URL but also makes sure that your frontend SPA handles all the other URLs that are not defined in your Flask app. The image will automatically detect and run it before starting everything. Also, if you want to do the same live debugging using the environment variable STATIC_INDEX=1 (to serve /app/static/index.html directly when requested for /) your Nginx won't serve it directly as it won't be running (only your Python Flask app in debug mode will be running). Everything is documented there. time it should only take seconds. If you happen to base your app off this example app or write about any of the Check out the docs If you go to your Docker container URL you should see your app, and you should be able to modify files in ./app/static/ and see those changes reflected in your browser just by reloading. You signed in with another tab or window. (*). That would improve speed as it would not involve uWSGI nor Python. In this scenario, you would have 3 Docker containers: If you want to check the previous (deprecated) documentation on adding a frontend to the same container, you can read the deprecated guide for single page apps. you want to get notified when it launches with a discount and potentially get topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. For example, using auto, your Dockerfile could look like: By default, Nginx will start with a maximum limit of 1024 connections per worker. Run the rename-project script included in this repo: Sanity check to make sure the tests still pass: Log to STDOUT so that Docker can consume and deal with log output, Extract a bunch of configuration settings into environment variables, Generate favicons using modern best practices, Docker support has been added which would be any files having, Remove any Docker resources for your current project, Perform a number of find / replace actions, Optionally initialize a new git repo for you. Travis integration, images built and pushed by Travis. Also, you should hold off on changing anything until documentation in the run file itself. Clone this repo anywhere you want and move into the directory: Copy a few example files because the real files are git ignored: Running a script to automate renaming the project. updated every time I bump the versions: If you don't like some of these choices that's no problem, you can swap them And it controls all these processes with Supervisord. Nginx would serve the file directly. hub.docker.com/r/tiangolo/uwsgi-nginx-flask/, deprecated-single-page-apps-in-same-container.md, Supported tags and respective Dockerfile links, Deprecated Single Page Applications guide, Quick Start for bigger projects structured as a Python package, Custom Nginx maximum connections per worker, Customizing Nginx additional configurations, Overriding Nginx configuration completely, common way to deploy Python Flask web applications, You can see the third-party benchmarks here, https://github.com/tiangolo/uwsgi-nginx-flask-docker, https://hub.docker.com/r/tiangolo/uwsgi-nginx-flask/, FastAPI documentation about: FastAPI in Containers - Docker, https://github.com/tiangolo/flask-frontend-docker, https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase, https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb, React in Docker with Nginx, built with multi-stage Docker builds, including testing, Angular in Docker with Nginx, supporting configurations / environments, built with multi-stage Docker builds and testing with Chrome Headless, read the deprecated guide for single page apps, the official docs while importing your modules, have more than one process in one container. In that case, you probably don't need this image (or any other similar base image). For example as a shell script it allows us to pass any arguments to another environment (specific dev boxes, CI, production, etc.). but, as uWSGI loads your whole Python Flask web application once it starts, you won't be able to edit your Python Flask code and see the changes reflected. mostly Jinja templates with sprinkles of JS or an API back-end. # Everything not declared before (not a Flask route / API endpoint) # could be a static file needed by the front end that, # doesn't use the `static` path (like in `